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Articles & Research

In-depth explorations of how cognitive assessments work, what they measure, and where their limitations lie. Written for curious, informed readers.

IQ test methodology

How IQ Tests Actually Work

Behind the familiar concept of an "IQ score" lies a structured methodology rooted in statistics, developmental psychology, and decades of iterative research. This article unpacks how tests are designed, how scores are calculated, and what the resulting number actually represents.

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Cognitive abilities

Understanding Different Types of Cognitive Abilities

Intelligence isn't one thing. From Spearman's g-factor to Gardner's multiple intelligences, the science of cognitive ability is richer and more contested than most people realize. This article navigates the major theoretical frameworks with care.

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IQ score limitations

The Limitations of IQ Scores

IQ tests have faced significant scrutiny from researchers over the decades. This article examines the well-documented limitations — from cultural bias to predictive validity gaps — with fairness to both critics and defenders of the tools.

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